Stratospheric gravity wave potential energy and tropospheric parameters relationships over South America: a study using COSMIC-2 and METOP radio occultation measurements

Abstract Using COSMIC-2 and METOP radio occultation measurements during the years 2020 2021, study presents first direct independent relationship between potential energy (E p ) in stratosphere, precipitable water vapour (PWV), tropopause heights (TPH), cold-point (CPH) over South America. The American continent comprises tropical region, Andes Mountain range, mid-latitude climates. seasonal mean of ), PWV, parameters height (TPH CPH) were obtained to investigate stratospheric gravity wave (SGW) E tropospheric (PWV, TPH, CPH). Around Mountains east, there is significantly less (PWV < 10 mm) a relatively high > 8 kJ kg − 1 ). A good correlation variability was found PWV lower SGW summer region (± 20 ◦ Generally, strong correlations observed spring, with negative/no winter 2021. Also, SGW, TPH at $${20}^{o}N - {10}^{o}N$$ 20 o N - 10 Our result demonstrated possibility that convective activity major driver waves In subtropical (30 $$^\circ$$ ∘ –40 especially winter, make little or no contribution region. CPH generally showed no/negative tropics. activities an impact on structure parameters, which could be this Graphical